{"id":8849,"date":"2022-02-17T12:24:24","date_gmt":"2022-02-17T12:24:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amarintech.com\/?p=8849"},"modified":"2022-05-23T11:15:02","modified_gmt":"2022-05-23T11:15:02","slug":"the-use-of-antibiotics-in-the-production-of-animal-proteins-and-its-consequences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/amarintech.com\/es\/the-use-of-antibiotics-in-the-production-of-animal-proteins-and-its-consequences\/","title":{"rendered":"El uso de antibi\u00f3ticos en la producci\u00f3n de prote\u00ednas animales y sus consecuencias"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8849\" class=\"elementor elementor-8849\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c78867c elementor-section-height-min-height she-header-yes elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"c78867c\" 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d=\"M766.1,28.9c-200-57.5-266,65.5-395.1,19.5C242,1.8,242,5.4,184.8,20.6C128,35.8,132.3,44.9,89.9,52.5C28.6,63.7,0,0,0,0 h1000c0,0-9.9,40.9-83.6,48.1S829.6,47,766.1,28.9z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c82bb91\" data-id=\"c82bb91\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e6195d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2e6195d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">El uso de antibi\u00f3ticos en la producci\u00f3n de prote\u00ednas animales y sus consecuencias<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a8f378 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a8f378\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mailen Ag\u00fcero \u2013 <\/strong>Analista de Desarrollo de Negocios\u00a0<br \/>&amp;<strong> Francisco Stefano \u2013 <\/strong>Director<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-62b6c1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"62b6c1f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97230eb\" data-id=\"97230eb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-003eebf elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"003eebf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e564a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e564a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong><em>El abuso y el uso indebido de antibi\u00f3ticos en animales y humanos est\u00e1n contribuyendo al aumento de la amenaza que representa la resistencia a los antimicrobianos.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44be759 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44be759\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>El consumo de prote\u00ednas animales presenta un aumento global y sostenido provocando la expansi\u00f3n de la cr\u00eda intensiva de cerdos, aves y bovinos. La intensificaci\u00f3n de la producci\u00f3n en ambientes de superficie  limitada ha llevado a la introducci\u00f3n masiva de antimicrobiales para mantener la salud y productividad de los animales. La utilizacion rutinaria de los antibi\u00f3ticos (AMU, Anti Microbial Utilization) impulsa la aparici\u00f3n de cepas resistentes (AMR, Anti Microbial Resistant) constituy\u00e9ndose as\u00ed en una amenaza importante tanto para la salud humana como para el animal.<\/p><p>En un interesante estudio de Katie Tiseo y col se analiza la evoluci\u00f3n del uso de antimicrobianos en 41 paises. Los datos obtenidos en 2017 muestran que en esto pa\u00edses se utilizaron un total de 93000 toneladas de productos activos como antimicrobianos, cifra que representa el 73% del total utilizado por la medicina y la veterinaria.. En este per\u00edodo los cinco pa\u00edses de mayor consumo de antibi\u00f3ticos en veterinaria han sido China, 40%, Brasil 7%, US 6%, Tailandia 4% e India 2%.<\/p><p>Es opini\u00f3n generalizada, apoyada por s\u00f3lidos datos, que existe una relaci\u00f3n entre el desarrollo de resistencia bacteriana en los animales de consumo y la emergencia de poblaciones bacterianas resistentes en humanos.<\/p><p>Los antibi\u00f3ticos se emplean fundamentalmente para el tratamiento de las infecciones bacterianas y su administraci\u00f3n para prevenir enfermedades se recomienda solo en situaciones muy excepcionales.<\/p><p>En Europa, el uso de estos medicamentos para favorecer el crecimiento de los animales est\u00e1 totalmente prohibido desde 2006. Sin embargo, esto no es as\u00ed en otras regiones del mundo donde a\u00fan se pueden a\u00f1adir a la dieta de animales sanos.<\/p><p>De acuerdo con la OMS, el abuso y el uso indebido de antibi\u00f3ticos en animales y humanos est\u00e1n contribuyendo al aumento de la amenaza que representa la resistencia a los antimicrobianos. Algunos tipos de bacterias causantes de infecciones humanas graves ya son resistentes a la mayor\u00eda o a la totalidad de los tratamientos disponibles, y hay muy pocas alternativas prometedoras en fase de investigaci\u00f3n.<\/p><p>Estas bacterias pueden transmitirse de los animales al hombre por distintas v\u00edas:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Por contacto directo con los animales.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>A trav\u00e9s de los alimentos derivados de animales<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>A trav\u00e9s del medio ambiente.<\/strong> Los residuos farmac\u00e9uticos pueden unirse fuertemente a las part\u00edculas del suelo a trav\u00e9s de las heces de los animales. Los m\u00e1s solubles en agua pueden eliminarse con la lluvia o la nieve derretida y llegar tanto al agua subterr\u00e1nea como a las corrientes de agua superficial<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><h2><strong>\u00bfQu\u00e9 se puede hacer para luchar contra la resistencia?<\/strong><\/h2><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li><strong>Vigilancia del uso de antibi\u00f3ticos y de las bacterias resistentes.<\/strong> La OMS recomienda firmemente una reducci\u00f3n general del uso de todas las clases de antibi\u00f3ticos de importancia m\u00e9dica en los animales destinados a la producci\u00f3n de alimentos, incluida la restricci\u00f3n completa de estos f\u00e1rmacos para estimular el crecimiento y prevenir enfermedades sin diagn\u00f3stico previo. Tambien, conocer el tipo y cantidad de antibi\u00f3ticos que se usan y la clase de bacterias resistentes y frecuencia con que se detectan nos proporciona informaci\u00f3n muy \u00fatil desde el punto de vista epidemiol\u00f3gico. Entre otras cosas, permite identificar asociaciones entre el consumo y la aparici\u00f3n de resistencias, analizar tendencias y dise\u00f1ar medidas eficaces para frenar el problema.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>Promoci\u00f3n del uso prudente a trav\u00e9s de actividades formativas para el sector y la elaboraci\u00f3n de gu\u00edas de uso prudente.<\/strong> Recientemente, bas\u00e1ndose en un informe elaborado por expertos, la Comisi\u00f3n Europea ha propuesto categorizar los antibi\u00f3ticos veterinarios seg\u00fan el impacto que su uso puede tener en la salud humana. Cada una de las cuatro categor\u00edas se acompa\u00f1a de recomendaciones espec\u00edficas de uso.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>Prevenci\u00f3n de las infecciones.<\/strong> Puesto que los animales sanos no necesitan ser tratados, reducir las posibles infecciones ayudar\u00e1 a reducir el uso de antibi\u00f3ticos. Medidas para lograrlo incluyen la mejora de la higiene y la bioseguridad en las explotaciones ganaderas, la potenciaci\u00f3n del sistema inmune de los animales y la puesta en marcha de planes sanitarios espec\u00edficos para cada explotaci\u00f3n.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>Nuevas estructuras qu\u00edmicas.<\/strong>El desarrollo de mol\u00e9culas de antibi\u00f3ticos  f\u00e1cilmente degradables podr\u00eda contribuir  a reducir la contaminaci\u00f3n.<\/li><\/ul><p>Finalmente, es necesaria m\u00e1s investigaci\u00f3n para comprender mejor los mecanismos por los que se generan las resistencias, desarrollar nuevas herramientas de diagn\u00f3stico, as\u00ed como nuevas alternativas a los antibi\u00f3ticos y mejores medidas de control de las enfermedades.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>Fuentes:<\/b><\/p><p>Tiseo, K., Huber, L., Gilbert, M., Robinson, T. P., &amp; Van Boeckel, T. P. (2020). Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals from 2017 to 2030.\u00a0<em>Antibiotics<\/em>,\u00a0<em>9<\/em>(12), 918.<\/p><p><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/p><p>FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. 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data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cuervoestudio.com.ar\/\">Copyright \u00a92021 Amarin Technologies \nTodos los derechos reservados - Desarrollo by <u>Cuervo estudio<\/u><\/a><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ebecc6\" data-id=\"3ebecc6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El abuso y el uso indebido de antibi\u00f3ticos en animales y humanos est\u00e1n contribuyendo al aumento de la amenaza que representa la resistencia a los antimicrobianos.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":8850,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The use of antibiotics in the production of animal proteins and its consequences<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The abuse and misuse of antibiotics in animals and humans are contributing to the increased threat posed by antimicrobial resistance.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/amarintech.com\/es\/the-use-of-antibiotics-in-the-production-of-animal-proteins-and-its-consequences\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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