In the 17th century, scientific work was disseminated through prestigious entities like academies or universities. Manuscripts were reviewed and published based on the institution members' judgment. This method persisted until the 20th century when commercial publishers led to the emergence of Peer Review and the Journal Impact Factor (JIF). Open Access, which advocates for free access to scientific information, also became important. Despite facilitating scientific communication, these factors also led to problems like plagiarism and data fabrication.